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keisanHigh-precision calculations for everyday life and work

Warp Calculated from the Expansion and Contraction Difference Between the Front and Back Sides of a Board

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Calculate the warpage of a flat plate when there is a difference in expansion between its top and bottom surfaces.
Target length: L
mmor m
Thickness: t
mmor m
Expansion difference: Δ
mmor m
Significant digits
≤ 6
Warp: d mmor m
Warp rate: w %1000mm Equivalent
While the warpage rate is generally expressed as the percentage of [warpage amount] divided by [reference length], here we use
the “warpage rate per 1000 mm” as specified in JIS K 6911.

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